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(No Model.)

P. W. MACKENZIE. APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS. N0. 418,647.

Patented Dec. 31, 1889.

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I IUNITED STATES EATENT FFICE.

PHILIP W. MACKENZIE, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO THE FUEL GAS AND LIGHT IMPROVEMENT COMPANY OF AMERICA, OF SAME PLACE.

.APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 418,647, dated December 31, 1889.

Application filed June 4, 1889. Serialll'o. 313,080. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern: the tubesc that each will have sections 0 Be it known that I, PHILIP W. MACKENZIE, formed at its lower and upper ends. -When of New York, in the county and State of New the tubes are placed side by side the sections York, have invented a certain new and use- 0, c are so brought together as to form the 55 5 f ul Improvement in Apparatus for the Manuboxes.

facture of Illuminating-Gas, of which the fol- C designates a pipe for introducing liquid lowing is a specification. hydrocarbon to the box C 6 designates a My invention relates to apparatus for the cock in said pipe. The liquid hydrocarbon manufacture of illuminating-gas from liquid thus introduced is vaporized and superheated, 6o 10 hydrocarbon, water in the form of steam, and passing upwardly through the tubes cin manoxygen or air, which gas consists particularly ner about to be described. of hydrogen, carbonic oxide, marsh-gas, and D designates a converter or decomposing carbon. I chamber located in the upper portion of the p I will describe in detail apparatus embodycase or body of the apparatus. This con- 65 ing my improvement, and then point out the verter is covered by a top or crown of suflinovel features in claims. cient thickness to prevent loss of heat by ra- In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is diation, and is provided with an outlet 61 a vertical section of apparatus embodying my upon its upper side, which may be closed by improvement. Fig; 2 is a horizontal section a cap or cover 01. 7 2o taken on the line 0c 00, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a hori-. Into the converter D, I inject a mixture of zontal section taken onthe liney y, Fig. 1. liquid hydrocarbon, superheated steam, and

Similar letters of reference designate coroxygen or air. I prefer to introduce this mixresponding parts in allthe figures. ture by means ,of an injector comprising a A designates the main shell or body of the pipe 01 provided with a cock al The steam 75 apparatus. As shown, 'this shell is rectanis preferably superheated. IVith the injector gular, and it may be made of metal. Within communicates a pipe 01 provided with acock the shell A, and forming a lining a. therefor, d and through which the liquid hydrocarbon is placed fire-brick or any other suitable reis drawn by the entering steam. ,At the same fractory material of any desired thickness. time oxygen or air in suitable quantities is 80 In the lower portion of the body there isv drawn in througha pipe dflinwhich isacock formed'a chamber B, into which chamber the 01 The mixing of the hydrocarbon, steam, permanent gas, after having been manufacand air or oxygen occurs outside the contured, is received, and from which it may be verter D and .enters the latter through an discharged through an outlet-pipe I), provided opening or tuyere d in a thoroughly-mixed 85 3 5 with a suitable valve 5'. I have shown as excondition.

tending from the pipe I) a stack 19 provided In starting the apparatus the cover d is with a valve or damper b Above the chamraised and the mixed hydrocarbon, steam, and ber B is an evaporator and superheater C; air or oxygen is ignited. .When thoroughly This evaporator and superheater comprises, ignited, the cover (1 is closed and combustion o 40 as here shown,a number of vertically-extendthen takes place in the converter. The ining flattened tubes 0, arranged side by side tensely-heated products of combustion pass so as to nearly fill the space in which they downwardly throughacontracted neck or pasare inclosed by the refractory material a. sage E, forming a mixing-chamber, and 10- The tubes 0 are closed upon all sides, but are cated about centrally in the bottom of the 5 open at their upper and lower ends. Their converter and communicating at its lower end lower ends open into a box 0' and their upwith a chamber F above the evaporator and per ends into a box C The boxes C C exsuperheater C. At this time the Valve 1) in tend respectively over the entire lower and the pipe I) is closed and the valve or damper upper ends of the tubes 0, so that spaces of b in the stack 12 is open. The products of no 5o considerable area are formed by the boxes. combustion from the chamber F pass down- I prefer to form the boxes by so constructing wardly at the sides of the tubes 0 and about said tubes, and from thence into the chamber B below the evaporator and superheater, from which they are carried off through the stack If. This preliminary operation is for the purpose of thoroughly heating the converter D and the evaporator and superheater (J, and in carrying it out I prefer to use only a limited amount of steam and a certain amount of hydrocarbon. A proper degree of heat having been obtained, I somewhat increase the supply of steam and liquid hydrocarbon. Liquid hydrocarbon is at this time admitted through the pipe 0 to the box C in any desired quantity. The superheated hydrocarbon vapor then passes upwardly through the tubes 0 into the box 0 and thence through a pipe G, provided with a cock g, into a vaporchamber G, surrounding the mixing-chamber E and communicating with the latter through a number of openings or tuyeres g. The mixing-chamber E and vapor-chamber G constitute, in effect, a carburetor and carbonizer, whereby the lean gas from the converter or decoimposing-chamber is enriched by the hot hydrocarbon vapors from the evaporator and superheater. I11 the converter D the oxygen or the oxygen of the air and steam combine with the carbon of the liquid hydrocarbon to produce combustion and decomposition, thereby liberating the hydrogen from the steam and hydrocarbon by decomposition, whereby carbonic acid and hydrogen are produced. Additional carbon or hydrocarbon admitted through the pipe (I absorbs the oxygen from the carbonic acid, thereby forming carbonic oxide. If this additional carbon or bydrocarbon were not thus introduced, however, the carbonic acid would be absorbed while the gas from the converter was passing through the mixing-chamber E, there producing the same result. The highly-superheated carbon vapors from the evaporator and superheater are delivered in fine jets through the passages or tuyeres g into the hydrogen and carbonic oxide descending from the converters. The hydrocarbon vapor, by being thus thrown in atomized contact with those gases while they are incandescent or at a very high temperature, undergoes destructive distillation and is converted into a permanent gas.

The highly-superheated carbon vapor may be taken from the pipe G directly into the pipe (Z and the supply of liquid hydrocarbon cut off from the pipe (1 if desired. The only supply of carbon will then be the vapor.

If any carbon should remain unconverted, it may be condensed out by any ordinary condenser and used over again.

\Vhen nitrogen is present or producedas when air is used-it is neutralized by the hydrocarbon.

The permanent gas is conveyed away through the pipe 1), the valve 1; being, of course, open and the valve or damper d of the stack being closed, and is there washed, scrubbed, purified, and otherwise treated 1n the usual manner.

More than one injector for introducing hydrocarbon steam and oxygen or air to the chamber D may be used, if desired.

Although I have represented the apparatus as extending vertically, so that products of combustion pass downwardly, it might of course be arranged in other positions and such products be otherwise directed.

lVhat I claim asmy invention, and desire to Secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In an apparatus for manufacturing illuminating-gas, the combination, with a shell or body, of an evaporator or superheater located therein, an oil-supply pipe connected therewith, a carburetor and a carbonizer above the evaporator and superheater, a pipe or passage aifording communication between the evaporator and superheater and the carburetor and carbonizer, a converter or decomposing-chamber above the carburetor and carbonizer and communicating therewith, a passage for steam, hydrocarbon, and oxygen or air communicating with said converter or decomposing-chamber, and an outlet for permanent gas through the evaporator and superheater, substantially as specified.

2. In an apparatus for manufacturingilluminating-gas, the combination, with a shell or body, of an evaporator and superheater located therein, an oil-supply pipe connected therewith, a carburetor and carbonizer above the evaporator and superheater comprising a vapor-chamber and a mixing-chamber communicating with each other through the passages or tuyeres, a converter or decomposingchamber above the carburetor and carbonizer and communicating therewith, a passage for steam, hydrocarbon, and oxygen or air communicating with said converter or decomposing-chamber, and an outlet for permanent gas through the evaporator and superheater, substantially as specified.

' PHILIP W. MACKENZIE.

Witnesses:

ALBT. VAN DYKE, GEORGE A. BAKER. 

